Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, covering an area of over 1100 sq.km (425 sq.mi). It is the largest coastal lagoon in India. A total 42 sq.km (16 sq.mi) of channels connect the lake with the Bay of Bengal. The lake has numerous islands. There are 132 villages on the shore and islands. The lake is an ecosystem, hosting over 160 species of birds in the migratory season, 726 species of flowering plants and rare and threatened animal species such as green sea turtle, dugong, irrawadyy dolphin, blackbuck, spoon billed sandpiper, fishing cat, etc.

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