Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is also notable as an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve. The park is located in the Cardamom Hills of the Western Ghats and is spread over an area of 777 sq.km (300 sq.mi). It is home to about 62 species of mammals, 320 species of birds, 45 species of reptiles, 27 species of amphibians, 38 species of fishes and 160 species of butterflies. The wildlife includes Indian bison, the endangered lion-tailed macaque, Indian giant squirrel, elephant, sambar, gaur, nilgiri tahr, barking deer, etc.

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